Are Leaders Born Or Made? : A Point Of View

Tri Wulida Afrianty

Abstract


shared goal by making some changes. Thus, one who influences and mobilizes others to attain their common goals can be defined as a leader. Regardless a considerable amount of literature and discussion on leadership  among scholars and practitioners, there is still no agreement about where do leaders come from or who the leaders really are. Are they born or made? This question still seems to be a debatable topic.This paper presents my point of view in the matter. Based on the analysis of the five essential components of leadership in this paper, only two componentscharacter and emotional intelligencespecifically support the idea that leadership is both innate and learned. The other twocredibility and ethicsstand for leadership can be developed through learning. On the other hand, only one componenspiritualitysupports the idea that leadership is unlearned, but innate. Thus, these findings are enough to conclude that leaders are both born and made. In other words, it is my contention that leadership is ability which both inherent and can be learned.


Keywords


leadership; character, emotional intellegence, credibility, ethics, spirituality

Full Text:

PDF

References


Barlow, C. B., Jordan, M., Hendrix, W. H. (2003), “Character assessment: An examination of leadership levels”, Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 563-584

Barker, R. A. (1997), “How we can train leaders if we do not know what leadership is?”, Human Relations, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 343-362.

Campbell, C. R. (2007), “On the journey toward wholeness in leader theories”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 137-153.

Cawthorn, D. L. (1996), “Leadership: The great man theory revisited”, Business Horizons, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 1-4.

Ciulla, J. B. (1995), “Leadership ethics: Mapping the territory”, Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.5-

Funk, R. C. (2002), “Developing leaders through high school junior ROTC: Integrating theory with practice”, The Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 43-53.

Goleman, D. (1998), “What makes a leader?”, Harvard Business Review, January, pp.82-91.

Goshal, S. (2005), “Bad management theories are destroying good management practices”, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol. 4. No. 1, pp. 75-91.

Hewlett, R. (2006), The Cognitive Leader: Building winning organizations through knowledge leadership, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.: United States.

Hodgetts, R.M. & Luthans, F., & Doh, J. P. (2006), International Management: Culture, Strategy and Behavior, 6th edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill: Boston.

Kauzes, J. M., and Posner, B. Z. (1990), “The credibility factor: What followers expect from their leaders”, Management Review, Vol. 779, No. 1, pp. 29-33.

Kirkpatrick, S. A. & Locke, E. A. (1991),” Leadership: Do traits matters?”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 48-60.

Leavy, B. (2016), "Effective leadership today – character not just competence", Strategy & Leadership, Vol. 44 Issue: 1, pp.20-29.

Orme, G., & Ashton, C. (2003), “Ethics – a foundation competency”, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 184-190.

Rost, J. C. (1993), “Ledareship development in the new millennium”, The Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 92-110.

Sarros, J. C., Cooper, B. K., Hartican, A. M. (2006), “Leadership and character”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 682-699.

Schreuder, J.A.H., Roelen, C.A.M., Van Zweeden, N.F., Jongsman, D., Van der Klink, J.J. and Groothoff, J.W. (2011), “Leadership effectiveness and recorded sickness absence among nursing staff: a cross-sectional pilot study”, Journal of Nursing in Management, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 585-595.

Simons, T. L. (1999), “Behavioral integrity as a critical ingredient for transformational leadership”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 89-104.

Snyder, Hannah. (2019), “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 104, pp. 333-339.

Strack, G., Fottler, M. D. (2002), “Spirituality and effective leadership in healthcare: Is there a connection?”, Frontiers of Health Services Management, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 3-18.

Tang, Hui‐Wen Vivian, Yin, Mu‐Shang, Nelson, Darwin B. (2010) "The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership practices: A cross‐cultural study of academic leaders in Taiwan and the USA", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 25 Issue: 8, pp.899-926.

Webster, Jane & Watson, Richard T. (2002). “Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review”, Management Information Systems Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2.

Wong, M.T.H. (2011) "Spirituality and leadership in psychiatry: an Australian view", International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, Vol. 7 Issue: 2, pp.144-150.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32528/ipteks.v5i1.3001

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Tri Wulida Afrianty

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Alamat Redaksi:

Jl. Karimata No. 49 Sumbersari Jember (Gedung A Lantai 1 Universitas Muhammadiyah jember)

 

View My Stats