Keberfungsian Keluarga Dengan Stres Pengasuhan Ibu Yang Memiliki Anak Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Latifatul Munawaroh, Sofa Amalia

Abstract


Autistic spectrum disorder condition is what causes the mother to have parenting stress, so the mother can’t do parenting effectively and optimally. For that, the mother needed family functioning. For the end, the mother need family functioning to suppress the parenting stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of the family functioning in mother of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). This study uses a correlation research design with a sampling technique that is incidental sampling, with the subjects of the 67. The instrument in this study uses the scale of The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Pearson’s r correlation analysis was used to check correlations between assessments of family functioning and parenting stress to investigate correlations between results in mother. The outcome showed that there was an relationship of family functioning in mother of children with autistic spectrum disorder. The coefficient correlation (r) is -0,500 with a value of p = 0,000 <0.05. This shows that parents of children with ASD reported higher functioning of the family as a whole; they exhibited lower levels of parenting stress.

Keywords


family functioning; parenting stress; autistic spectrum disorder

Full Text:

PDF

References


American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Edition “DSM-5”. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. Washington DC.

Abbeduto, L., et al. (2004). Psychological well-being and coping in mothers of youths with autism, Down syndrome, or fragile X syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109, 237–254.

Abidin, R. R. (2010). Journal of Clinical Child Psychology The Determinants of Parenting Behavior The Determinants of Parenting Behavior. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(October 2012), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2104

Abidin, R. R., & Brunner, J. F. (1995). Development of a Parenting Alliance Inventory. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24(906872283), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2401.

Abidin, R. R. (1990a). Introduction to the special issue: The stresses of parenting. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 298-301.

Boyd, Brian A. Examining the Relationship Between Stress and Lack of Social Support in Mothers of Children with Autism. (2002). 17 (4).

Bray, James H. (1995). Family Assessment Current Issues In Evaluating Familie. National Council on Family Relations, 44(4), 469- 477. DOI: 10.2307/585001

Brooks, J. (2011). The process of parenting (8 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Dai, L., & Wang, L. (2015). Review of Keberfungsian keluarga, 3, 134–141.

Dardas, L. A., & Ahmad, M. M. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index with parents of children with autistic disorder. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(6), 560–571. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12053

Daulay, N. (2018). Parenting Stress of Mothers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Culture in Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences, 3(5), 453. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i5.2349

Ekas, N., & Whitman, T. L. (2010). Autism symptom topography and maternal socioemotional functioning. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 115(3), 234–249. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-115.3.234

Epstein, N. B., Bishop, D. S., & Levin, S. (1978). The McMaster Model of Family Functioning. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 4(4), 19–31. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1978.tb00537.x

Epstein, N.B., et al. (1983) The McMaster Family Assessment Device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9, 171- 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1983.tb01497.x

Fraenkel, Jack. R., et al. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education 8thEdition. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Gong, Y., Du, Y. S., Li, H. L., Zhang, X. Y., An, Y., & Wu, B. L. (2015). Parenting stress and affective symptoms in parents of autistic children. Science China Life Sciences, 58(10), 1036–1043. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-012-4293-z

Gunarsa, S. (2006). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Dewasa. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia.

Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1604-y

Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 629-642. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1604-y

Huang, C. Y., Yen, H. C., Tseng, M. H., Tung, L. C., Chen, Y. D., & Chen, K. L. (2014). Impacts of autistic behaviors, emotional and behavioral problems on parenting stress in caregivers of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(6), 1383–1390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2000-y

Ilias, K., Cornish, K., Kummar, A. S., Park, M. S. A., & Golden, K. J. (2018). Parenting stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00280

Ilias, K., Liaw, J. H. J., Cornish, K., Park, M. S. A., and Golden, K. J. (2016). Wellbeing of mothers of children with “A-U-T-I-S-M” in Malaysia: an interpretative phenomenological analysis study. J. Intell. Dev. Disabil. 42, 74–89. doi: 10.3109/13668250.2016.1196657

Jellett, R., Wood, C. E., Giallo, R., & Seymour, M. (2015). Family functioning and behaviour problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The mediating role of parent mental health. Clinical Psychologist, 19(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12047

Kenyon, K., & Eaton, W. (2015). Age at Child Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Onset and Its Relation to Gender, Symptom Severity, and Family Functioning Archives of Scientific Psychology. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 3, 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000022

Kloos, B., Elias, M. J., & Dalton, J. H. (n.d.). Linking Individuals and Communities.

Kuhn J and Carter A (2006) Maternal self-efficacy and associ- ated parenting cognitions among caregivers of children with autism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 76(4): 564–575

Kumar, R. (2005). Research methodology: A step by step guide for beginners. London: SAGE Publication.

Lestari, Sri, (2012). Psikologi keluarga (Penanaman Nilai dan Penanganan Konflik dalam Keluarga. Jakarta: Kencana.

Loucks, L. A., & Shaffer, A. (2014). Joint relation of intimate partner violence and parenting stress to observed emotionally unsupportive parenting behavior. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 3(3), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000023

Manning, M. M., Wainwright, L., & Bennett, J. (2011). The double ABCX model of adaptation in racially diverse families with a school-age child with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 320–331. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1056-1.

Mangunsong, F. 2009. Psikologi dan Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Jilid I. Jakarta: Lembaga Pengembangan Sarana Pengukuran dan Pendidikan Psikologi (LPSP3) Kampus Baru UI, Depok.

McClain, L. R. (2011). Better parents, more stable partners: Union transitions among cohabiting parents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 889-901

McCubbin, H. I., & Patterson, J. M. (1983). The family stress process: the Double ABCX Model of adjustment and adaptation. In H. I. McCubbin, M. B. Sussman, & J.M. Patterson (Eds.), Social stress and the family: Advances and developments in family stress theory and research. New York: Haworth Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J002v06n01_02

McStay, R. L., Dissanayake, C., Scheeren, A., Koot, H. M., and Begeer, S. (2014). Parenting stress and autism: the role of age, autism severity, quality of life and problem behaviour of children and adolescents with autism. Autism 18, 502–510. doi: 10.1177/1362361313485163

Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C. (1990). Determinants ofparenting stress: Illustrations from families of hyperactive children and families ofphysically abused children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 303-328.

Miller, I. W., Ryan, C. E., Keitner, G. I., Bishop, D. S., & Epstein, N. B. (2000). The McMaster approach to fami- lies: Theory, assessment, treatment and research. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 168–189. doi:10.1111/ 1467-6427.00145.

Montes, G., & Halterman, J. S. (2007). Psychological functioning and coping among mothers of children with autism: A population-based study. Pediatrics, 119 , 1040–1046.

Nahar. (2018). http://www.harnas.co/2018/04/01/tren-penderita-autisme-meningkat. Diakses pada tanggal 31 Oktober 2018.

Ni'matuzahroh & Nurhamida. Y., (2016). Individu Berkebutuhan Khusus dan Pendidikan Inklusi. UMM : Press.

Nomaguchi, K., Brown, S., & Leyman, T. M. (2017). Fathers’ Participation in Parenting and Maternal Parenting Stress: Variation by Relationship Status. Journal of Family Issues, 38(8), 1132–1156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15623586

Pisula, E., & Porębowicz-Dörsmann, A. (2017). Family functioning, parenting stress and quality of life in mothers and fathers of Polish children with high functioning autism or Asperger syndrome. PLoS ONE, 12(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186536

Pellerone, M., Tolini, G., & Polopoli, C. (2016). Parenting, identity development, internalizing symptoms, and alcohol use: A cross-sectional study in a group of Italian adolescents. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S106791

Pisula, W. (2011). Parenting Stress in Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autism Sprectrums Disorder. University of Warwaw Poland. DOI: 10.5772/18507

Rao, P. A., & Beidel, D. C. (2009). The impact of children with high-functioning autism on parental stress, sibling adjustment, and family functioning. Behavior Modification, 33(4), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445509336427

Sikora, D., Moran, E., Orlich, F., Hall, T. A., Kovacs, E. A., Delahaye, J., et al. (2013). The relationship between family functioning and behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 307–315. doi:10.1016/j.rASD.2012.09.006

Skinner, H., Paul, S., & Sitarenios, G. (2000). Family Assessment Measure (FAM) and Process Model of Family Functioning, 22, 190–210.

Santrock, J.W. (2012). Life-Span Development (Perkembangan Masa Hidup Edisi 13 Jilid 1, Penerjemah: Widyasinta,B).Jakarta: Erlangga.

Sugiyono, 2013, Metodelogi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R&D. (Bandung: ALFABETA)

Walsh, F. (2003) Normal Family Processes. 3rd Edition, Guilford, New York, 514-547. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203428436

Wang, L. T. (2015). Review of Family Functioning. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(December), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.312014

Winarsunu, T. (2017). Statistik dalam Penelitian Psikologi dan Pendidikan (7th ed.). Malang: UMM Press.

Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., Thompson, A. (2017). Impact of personal and social resources on parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 21(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316633033




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32528/ins.v15i2.1937

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2019 Insight : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

View My Stats